Boring tool



aFume: 24, 1941.

w. K. YOUNG BORING TOOL Filed March 22, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l June 24, 1941. W, K, YOUNG 2,247,283

BORING TOOL l Filed March 22, 1959 2 Sheet-Sl'leet 2 Patented `Furie 24, 194i UNTED STES 'artiest FTENT @FFQE BORING TOOL Application March 22, 1939, `Serial No. 263,469

8 Claims. wtCl. 'T7-58) This invention relates toboring tools and particularly to such tools as are employed for undercutting or internally grooving a bore in a pieceof work, the principal object being the provision of a device of this type that is operative automatically as a result of the relative axial feed between the work and the tool during a normal machining. operation.

Objects of the invention include the provision of a boring tool having one or more cutter blades so constructed and arranged that during initial advancement thereof into a bore in a piece of work the cutter blade will remain. in inoperative position, and when advanced a desired degree into the bore will automatically operate to project the cutter blade into cutting relation with respect to the walls of such bore; the provision of a construction as above described so constructed and arranged as to permit a maximum strength Ito be obtained in the main body portion of the tool, thereby enabling the overall diameter of the tool to be reduced; the provision of a [construction as abofve described in which an axially reciprocable plunger is provided internally of the main body portion of the tool and so cooperates with the cutter blade as to control the amount of radial projection thereof in accordance with the axial position of the plunger in a new and novel manner; the provision of a boring tool including a main body portion having an opening extending transversely therethrough and the cutter blade slidably received in the opening, a plunger being reciprocably received in the main body portion and; provided with a key disposed obliquely to the axis of the plunger and normally slidably received in a groove in the cutter blade to control the extent of radial projection thereof, the cutter blade being so constructed and arranged as to facilitate the engagement of the key in the groove during assembly of the cutter blade to the tool and to the plunger therein; the provision of a boring tool having a cutter blade and means for projecting the cutter blade from the tool during relative advancement of a tool sup-t porting spindle `with respect to a piece of work together with a novel means for accurately and visually determining the extent of projection of the |cutter blade; the provision of a boring tool having certain other novel features of construction to be hereinafter more specifically described; and the provision-of a boring tool that is simple in construction, economical to manufacture and eiicient in-use.

The abovebeing among the objects of the present invention the same consists in certain. novel features of construction and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described with reference tothe accompanying drawings, and then claimed, having the above and other objects in view.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate suitable embodiments of the` present invention and -in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several different views- Fig. 1 is a'fragmentary perspective view of a boring machine or mill illustrating the applica- -tion of the present invention thereto;

Fig. 2 is ari-enlarged side elevational View of the boring tool shown mounted in the machine in Fig. 1 and illustrating in fragmentary section certainportions of the machineand of the work in operative relation with respect thereto, the various parts of the tool being shown in contracted or normallyinoperative position;

Fig.v 3 is a partially broken sectional view taken in a plane-approximately` including the axis of the boring tool shown in Fig. 2, as onthe line 3 3 thereof;

Fig. 4 isan enlarged sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional View taken on vthe'line 5 5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. 3 but illustrating 'the position which the various parts of the tool assumes when the cutter blade is fully expanded;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view taken axially through the outer end of the ltool illustrating the preferred procedure followed in. inserting a cutter blade into the tool and more clearly bringing out the construction of the cutter blade;

Fig. 8 is a partially broken side elevational view of a modified form of boring tool employing a plurality of cutter blades;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken in a plane parallel to the axis of the tool shown in Fig.. 8, as on the line 9--9 thereof, and illustrating certain portions of a boring machine or mill, such as that of the type shown in. Fig. 1 and the work in operative relation with respect thereto; and,

Fig. 10 is an enlarged transverse sectional View taken on `the line I-ill of Fig. 8.

A boring tool constructed in accordance with the presentinvention is particularly valuable in connection with the machining of grooves, annular recesses or other enlargements in the boresl of machine tool parts or other pieces of work. Its primary importance lies in its capabilityof being introducedinto a bore and after the cutting blade thereof has reached a predetermined axial position in the bore, automatically expanding into machiningv relation with respect to the surface of the bore. The mechanism provided is such as to accurately control the amount of radial movement of the cutter blade upon. expansion and preferably is further such as to permit the initial or inoperative position or 1ocation of the cutting edges of the blade to be manually adjusted with respect to the axis of the tool whereby the effective diameter of the blade when expanded may be accurately and positively co-ntrolled and adjusted in service.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings and particularly to Fig. l thereof, a conventional type of boring machine or boring mill is, shown to which the present invention is applicable, it being understood in 'this respect, however, that the present invention is applicable to any conventional type of boring machine or boring mill, drill press, or the like and regardless of whether the work is fed towards the tool or the tool is fed towards the work, or whether the tool or the work is rotated. The particular boring machinel illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a supporting base structure generally indicated at li provided with a driving head indicated generally at l2 thereon including a rotatable driving spindle l. The base Il is also provided with suitable slides upon which a suitable table lil is slidably mounted for feeding or other movement in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle Ni. The particular table I8 shown is provided with suitable and conventional means for receiving, locating and securing a piece of work such as 2d in fixed relation thereto, it may provide an outboard bearing support for guide 22 for the boring bar Where such is deemed desirable or necessary and the boring bar is formed for cooperation therewith, and suitable supports 2t iixed to the table and supporting a stop collar or member 28 in preferably xed position thereon. lit will be understood that the boring bar which is here generally indicated at Sil is received by the spindle ill in axially aligned relation with respect thereto and cooperates therewith in a conventional manner for receiving driving movement therefrom.

Boring bars constructed in accordance with the present invention may be provided with more than one cutter blade projecting in the same or opposite directions from the tool, simply by providing the required number' of apertures in the body portion of the tool required to receive such blades and by forming the blade actuating plunger for cooperation with such blade. For the purpose of simplicity in description and explanation, however, the tool shown by way of illustration in Figs. l to '7, inclusive, is equipped with a single cutter blade, the manner in which additional cutter lades may be provided thereby being made clear to those skilled in the art.

The boring bar itself as illustrated in Figs. l to '.7, inclusive, comprises a cylindrical main body portion 32 having the inner or righthand end thereof as viewed in the drawings reduced to form a cylindrical extension 34% and having the outer or leithand end as viewed in the drawings reduced as at 35, and formed to receive the cutter blade dii. In the particular construction shown the cutter blade is located at a relatively short distance axially from the corresponding end of the enlarged portion of the main body portion 32 and consequently there is not sufficient overhang to the tool to require the employment of an outboard bearing, but where the cutter blade "1e main body portion 32 is provided with a bore il@ therein located in axially c relation therewith and extending from 'le or righthand end as viewed in the drawings to a point therein short ci the end 35i where it j s with a concentric but smaller bore l2 f i extends into the end 35 to a point adjacent plunger is relatively closely but axially slidably rV ived in the bore l2 and extends in- 1ly or to the right as viewed in the drawings nto the lil where it is provided with an en- Jnge iii thereon and preferably formed integrally therewith, the peripheral surfaces of wir oh relatively closely but slidably received by the walls ol the bore fill. A coil spring di! surrounding the inner end of the plunger ill and the outer end ci its enlargement dt is maintained under compression between the shoulder 52,

` formed at the junction of the bores lil and 42,

and the outer face of the flange 51S, thus constantly urging the plunger lil to the right as viewed in the drawings.

A shank member having a terminal shank portion @33 adapted to be drivingly received by the outer end of the machine spindle ill is provided with a cylindrical main body portion d2 which is relatively closely but axially slidably received in the inner or righthand end of the bore 40 of the main body portion of the tool. This shank member is provided with a bore 6d in which the major portion or the enlargement l of the plunger lift inwardly or to the right of the flange t8 is relatively closely but slidably received. The inner or righthand end of the enlargement d6 of the plunger dri is provided with a diametrical slot therethrough in which a diametrically extending bar member 8 is relatively closely received, the bar member extending outwardly through an axially elongated'diametrically disposed slot 'lil formed in the portion 62 of the shank and through an axiallyY elongated diametrically disposed slot l2 in the end portion 34 of the main body of the tool. The radially outer end of the bar member 68 is provided with threads i4 thereon which operatively engage the threaded interior of a sleeve-like nut 'I6 rotatably and axially slidably received and mounted upon the reduced end portion 3d of the main body portion of the tool.

The inner or righthand end of the portion 52 of the tool shank is threaded as at 'F8 and threadably received thereon is an adjustable sleeve iember {il} the outer or leithand end of which as viewed in the drawings is preferably of the saine diameter as and is adapted to engage the inner or righthand end of the sleeve or nut 16 and, acting through the bar member 68, serves to limit movement of the plunger @d inwardly or to the right as viewed in the drawings under the influence of the spring 52B. As will be appreciated by rotating the sleeve (it it may be caused to advance or retract along the axis of the tool shank to` limit the rearwardmost position of the nut lil as adjustably determined thereby. For the purpose of locking the sleeve Si) in adjusted position on the tool shank a cooperating lock nut 82 is provided, a Washer 315i preferably being interposed between it and the sleeve 88 as indicated.

Because of the threaded inter-engagement of the radially outer ends of the bar member 68 with the inner surface of the nut lt it will be appreciated that by rotating the nut 7G the axial relation of the plunger id and enlargement @3 with respect to the nut l may be varied. This is elnployed for determining the extent of radial feed of the cutter blade 33 as will hereinafter be more fully described.

The cutter blade 3B shown is of rectangular cross-sectional conguration and while it may be arranged withkits center line disposed at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool as long as it is also arranged at an angle with respect to such axis, it is shown for the purpose ol simplicity in its preferred relation, namely disposed approximately radially with respect to the axis of the tool. The end 36 of the main body portion of the tool is provided with a transverse opening et therethrough for reception oi the blade tti, the size and cross-sectional configuration oi the opening Qt being such as to permit it to relatively closely but longitudinally slidably receive the blade 3S therein. The outer end of the blade may, of course, be ground or otherwise formed to provide a cutting edge 92 of any desired size, shape, or contour. As best indicated in Fig. 4 it will be observed that one face oi the opening Siti lies in a plane parallel to the axis of the tool and in a plane preferably approximately including such axis so as to impart the proper rake to the cutting edge of the tool.

That area of ythe plunger i4 adjacent the point of intersection of the cutter blade 33 with the bore l2 is machined to form a at diametrical surface 9d provided approximately centrally thereof with an upstanding integral key @t disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the plunger '5i-'3. As best illustrated in Fig. 'l the cutter blade 38 is provided with an oblique lreyway or groove dg therein for closely but slidably receiving the key 96 therein. It will thus be realized that with this construction, when the key et. is engaged in thekeyway sii axial movement of the plunger fili will effect radial projection or retraction oi' the cutter blade 33 depending upon the direction of movement oi the plunger lill. It may be noted at this point that with the 'construction described theireduced end portion 3S of the main :tool body is weakened to only a small degree by the provision of the opening 9d tl'lerethrough, this being an advantage over previously suggested constructions which necessitate slotting oi the end of the tool, and consequent weakening of tne same, to a materially greater degree. Also by providing a cylindrical plunger such as the plunger M and forming the iiat di? and key thereon in the manner indicated, permits a tool constructed for practical boring of much smaller bores than possible with prior art structures of a similar type.

Thus with the construction described it will be appreciated that if the main body portion 32 is held'against axial movement and axial movement is imparted to the shank member for outward movement, or movement to the leftv as viewed in the, drawings, fromthe postionshcwn in Fis. 3:

to the position shown in Fig. 6, the shank member in moving outwardly will act through the collar all to move the nut 16 and consequently the bar member 63 and plunger dit a corresponding distance in such direction against the force of the spring S, and the plunger it in thus moving outwardly will cause the cutter blade 38 to move from the position illustrated in Fig. 3 to the position illustrated in Fig. 6, in which it will have been projected into cutting engagement with respect to a suitably mounted piece of Work.

In actual practice it will be appreciated that means must be provided in conjunction with the tool described so that as the spindle of the machine carrying the tool is fed towards the work and after the end of the tool carrying the cutter blade 38 has entered the bore of the work to the desired distance, the axial travel of the main body portion 32 will be stopped so that upon continued feeding movement of the spindle and consequently the shank of the -tool relative to the work, the cutter blade 3B` will be expanded into cutting relation with respect to the walls of the bore in the work piece. Such means may take the form of a shoulder or stop member associated with the main body portion 32 and obviously may be located at any convenient point in the length thereof. Preferably such stop means should be adjustable axially of the main body portion 33 so as to enable ready adjustment of the position of the cutter blade 38 inthe bore of the work at which the cutter blade will function. In the present case this is accomplished by threading the rear end of the main body portion 32 and mounting a cooperating nut ll thereon, the axial position oi the nut lii on the main body portion '32 being varied simply by rotating it on the main body portion. In order to lock the nut itil in axially adjusted position on the main body portion El?. a cooperating lock nut H22 is provided preferably with the inter-position of a washer ist between them. The washer idd is preferably provided with an inwardly projecting tongue IE5, best shown in Fig. 3, adapted to be received in a keyway Hi8 extending in axially parallel relation with respect to the main body portion 32 and extending through the threaded portion thereof as illustrated.

In the illustrative set up illustrated in Figs. l, 2, 3 and 6 the work piece 2li is provided with a bore iid in which it is assumed it is desired to form an annular groove by means of the cutter blade 39S. The tool Sil is adapted to project through the stop collar or member 2S fixed with respect to the work 2li and against which the stop nut ist is adapted to contact in order 'to determine the particular location longitudinally of the bore lli) at which the cutter blade 3% will be expanded to` machine a groove such as H2 therein. In the particular clase shown the stop collar 23 is provided with a bushing lift for receiving and guiding the main body portion 32 of the tool during the operation and is desirable in some instances but not necessary in all.

Assuming now that the work piece 2o has been mounted upon the table i3 and secured in position thereon, the tool 30 has been projected through the bushing l it in the stop collar 2i?, the spindle iii is rotated to rotate the tool 3?; and the table is caused to feed towards the head i2, as the feeding movement of the table i3 carrying the work 2 0 and stop collar 2d is continued towards the head; i?. the outer end` oi the tool` carrying the cutter blade 38 will enter the bore H in the Work 20. When the cutter blade 38 reaches the desired position within the bore H0 axially thereof the stop nut lili) will contact the inner axial face of the stop collar 2S which will thereafter, during-,continuing of the feeding movement of the table I8, cause the main body portion 32 and consequently the cutter blade 38 to move towards the head l2 of the machine at the same rate as the feeding movement of the table i8, and during this phase of movement the cutter blade 3S will, therefore, remain stationary axially of the bore il@ with respect to the Work 20 but, of course, will be rotating with the spindle i4. As soon as the nut li] contacts the stop collar 28 continued feeding movement of the table I2 towards the head l2 will cause the shank of the tool including the portions 5l) and 62 to continue its relative feeding movement with respect to the work 2S and, acting through the sleeve 80, nut 'l and bar member 68, cause a similar feeding movement of the plunger d4. This feeding movement of the plunger Mi, as previously described, will cause the cutter blade 38 to be project-ed radially of the tool and into cutting relation with respect to the walls of the bore l iii.

The amount which the cutter blade 38 will thus be projected radially from its normal or inoperative position may be controlled by the distance which the table i3 is fed towards the head i2 after engagement of the stop nut |60 with the stop collar 28, this being accomplished by any of the conventional means employed for controlling the amount of feeding movement between a pair of relatively movable machine tool parts and which, in the illustration shown in Fig. l, may comprise adjustable stop members such as the members llt movable with the table It and engageable with a plunger H8 carried by the base il of the machine. On the other hand, and particularly where the tool is expanded to its fullest extent during each operation, the maximum diameter of the groove which will be machined by the tool may be varied by axial adjustment of the sleeve or stop collar tt along the shank portion E32, but this, once set for a given diameter of out, will ordinarily remain fixed, and adjustment of the tool for wear of the cutter blade taken care of by theinut 76. Where a change in diameter of cut outside the range of a particular blade 38 is desired, a new blade of the required length will be employed to replace the one then in the tool.

The distance which, the cutting edge S2 of the blade tti will project radially from the axis of the tool when expanded, and consequently the depth of the groove H2, is also adjustably controlled for a predetermined extent of 'feeding movement of the machine after the nut del) engages the stop collar 28, by manual adjustment of the nut it. In other words it will be appreciated that by Vrotating the nut 76 the Yinitial or inoperative position. of the cutter blade S3 radially of 'the tool may be quickly and easily varied.

Accordingly, for a given feed of the machine after the nut it@ has contacted the stop collar '38 should it be desired to increase the depth of the groove lf2 being machined by the cutter blade the nut 'F6 will be rotated to advance the plunger fill and to project the cutter blade 38 a greater amount in an initial or inoperative position so that thereafter, during relativemovenient between the plunger lili and main body portion of the tool, the cutter blade 33 will be projected radially outwardly to the desired extent required for machining a groove H2 of the proper depth. The use of the nut 76 for adjustment purposes as above described will ordinarily be limited to adjustment of the cutter blades after sharpening to compensate for the shortening in the length thereof, and to obtain an accurate final positioning of the radial position of the blade, the rough or initial adjustment being made through the rear stop sleeve or collar iii) as previously described.

In order to facilitate determination of the amount which the cutter blade t8 is projected or retracted by the nut it from a given initial or inoperative position, the circumference of the nut 16 adjacent the inner or righthand marginal edge thereof is preferably provided with a series of graduations, indicated generally at H26 in Fig. 2, and the adjacent surface of the sleeve 8E? is provided with an indicator mark I22 for cooperation therewith. rlChe pitch of the threads of the nut 76 is preferably so correlated with the angularity of the key t5 engaging the blades 38 that upon one complete rotation of the nut l the blade 38 will be projected or retracted a decimal part of an inch, as for instance ifty-thousandths of an inch, in which case the graduations ld may be provided with fty equally spaced parts enabling adjustment of the blade 38 to be made and visually determined in one-thousandths of an inch.

It will be understood that when the feeding movement of the work 2i) towards the head i2 has progressed to the full extent provided for by the setting of the machine and the groove H2 has been machined by the cutting blade 38 to the required depth, a reversal of the feeding movement of the machine will, Ybecause of the oompression of the spring 5i! acting between the plunger ed of the main body portion 32, first permit witl'idrawal of the plunger ifi and consequent retraction of the cutter blade 38 until the cutter blade 33 has reached its fully retracted or inoperative position before the main body portion 32 will then be withdrawn with the plunger i5 and carry the stop nut lii inwardly or to the right away from contact with the stop collar 28. The amount of relative movement of the plunger -tfi inwardly or to the right as viewed in the drawings with respect to the main body portion 32 before both these parts will move inwardly in unison may be determined in several different ways. For instance the bar E58 contacting the inner end of the slot 7?. may serve to limit the movement of the parts in this direction. On the other hand a dogging screw such as the screw |26 inserted through the reduced end 3d of the main body portion 32 and having its dog end projecting into an elongated slot it@ formed'in the surface of the shank portion 62 may be employed for this purpose. This last construction is preferred for the reason that in disassembling the tool, after the sleeve te and nut It have been removed and the bar t8 withdrawn from the various cooperating slots, the scr-.ew lt will prevent the force of the spring Eil from inadvertently projecting` the shank portion and the plunger of the tool.

Another feature of the present invention which it is desired to call attention to is in connection with the formation of the cutter blade 33 shown in order to facilitate engagement thereof with the key t@ when the blade 38 'is being 1re-inserted in the tool after sharpening, replacement or the like. In this respect it will be appreciated that because of the close t betweenvthe key and groove 93, if that portion ofthe blade 38' received within the opening SQ was of uniform cross-sectional coniiguration throughout it would require extremely accurate positioning of the blade 38 axially of the opening Silin order to insure alignment of the groove S8 in the blade 38 with the key 96 before the key S6 would be capable of entering the groove 93. It has been found that where no specialiprovision has been made to align the key 95 and groove 93 under such circumstances a workman may expend a considerable amount of time attempting to effect such alignment, and by the use of this feature of the present invention this Waste of time is entirely eliminated. According to this feature oi?v the present invention, and as best shown inv Fig. 7, the inner or righthand face of the blade 33, as viewed in the drawings, from the slot 98 to that end of the blade opposite the cutting edge 92 and at least for a width corresponding with the depth of the keyway 98 is cut away as indicated at itil. The blade 3% may be relieved as at |36 over the iull width of the blade face if desired. It will be appreciated that with this construction when it is desired to insert a blade 38 in the opening 9s that if the nut 'le is adjusted sothat the eXtreme outer end of the key 96 projects a slight distance less than the depth of the out away portion E3B, into the opening 9i), and which may be readily determined visually by looking through the hole 90, and then the blade 38 is inserted with the cut away end portion` first, the blade 33 will passinto the opening S' with the end of the key 9B received by the cut away portion the radially outer wall of the keyway 93 at the end of the cut away portion which thus stops the cutter blade 3S from moving further inwardly and in a position in which the key 9G is in alignment with the keyway SB. When this occurs if the nut 'it-is operated to move the plunger Ml outwardly, the key 9% will then properly enter the keyway 8S and the plunger and cutter blade will thereupon become properly operatively engaged with each other. It will then also be appreciated that this feature of the invention always insures that the key will be entered into the slot a suiiicient distance to prevent the possibility of shearing away of the end of the key, or the end wall portion of the keyway, because of insufficient engagement of these parts under the radially inward pressure applied to the cutter blade during operation.

In Figs. 8, 9 and 10 a modified form of construction is shown in which a plurality of cutter blades are employed in the same tool for simultaneously machining a plurality of grooves in the wall of a bore in a piece of work. In the construction shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, the tool is provided with a main body having an enlarged portion |32, corresponding to the portion 32 in the rst described construction but of relatively shorter length, a reduced inner or righthand end portion as viewed in the drawings, indicated at |543 and corresponding with the portion 3d' in the rst |39' until the end of' the key` sii strikes -v this case shown as six, generally radially directed cutter blades H38, corresponding with the cutter blade 33 previously described.

The body` portion |52 in the construction illustrated in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 is provided with a concentric cylindrical bore ldd, corresponding with the bore it in the previously described con.- struction, and intoiwhich opens the cylindrical concentric bore ili of smaller diameter which extends for the full length of the portion |36 and into the pilot portion |31, this bore HB2 corresponding to the bore i2 in the previously described construction. A plunger Mid, correspending with a plunger t4 in the previously described construction, is received inthe bore M2 but in this case its inner or righthand end as viewed in the drawings is enlarged as at litt to a diameter which is relatively closely but slidaloly received in the bore itil, the end litt in this case being relatively short as compared to the previously described construction. A coil spring |59.- is provided in the bore iiiil surrounding that portion ofthe plunger |44 exposed therein and acting against the outer axial face of the enlarged end ist constantly urges the plunger |d inwardly or o the right as indicated in the drawings.

The inner or righthand end of the enlarged portion ii oi" the plunger ifi` is provided with a diametrical slot to which a bar member |52, corresponding with the bar member |53 of the previously described construction, projects, it passing through an axially elongated slot |56, corresponding with the slot 'l2 in the previously described construction, formed in the portion i3d of the body of the tool, and beyond the bar member |52 projects through and is closely received in a diametrical slot |55 formed in the sleeve-like end E58 formed integrally with a shank itil. The

end portion i313 is relatively closely but slidab-ly received in the sleeve portion |553 of the shank. Thus in this construction in a manner similar to that in the previous views, the shank end of the tool is connected through a bar member, Si) in the previous views and |52 in the construction shown in Figs. 8 to 1G, inclusive, with the plunger for equal movement axially of the tool, but in this case no adjustable means such as the nut '|55 previously described is provided for adjustably varying the relation between the plunger and the shank although such nut may obviously be provided if desired. In the case of the tool shown in Figs. 8 to 10, inclusive, because of the greater number of cutter blades employed, it is preferable to have available a greater spring pressure normally urging the plunger inwardly than in the previously described construction and this is accomplished in this case by providing an additional spring M52 housed within the sleevelike end |53 of the shank it@ and maintained under compression between the end wall of the portion |58 and the opposed axial face of the body portion i3d.

The various blades |33 are operatively connected to the plunger its in substantially the same manner as in the previously described construction. In other words a flat |70 is machined on the plunger Hifi adjacent the position of `each of the blades 38 when the parts are in their normal; position and a key H2, corresponding with the key 96 inthe previously described construction and extending in a corresponding oblique direction with respect to the axis of the plunger Hifi, is preferably formed integrally with the plunger fill and projects upwardly from each of the flats Ile. In this case, however, the iiats |75 and keys |12 are preferably formed on alternately opposite sides of the plunger |44 as shown and the cutter blades |38 project alternately in opposite directions from the body portion |36. Also as illustrated in Fig. the openings |14 in the body portion llt for reception of the cutter blades |38 are so arranged that the advanced faces of the cutter blades in the direction oi rotation fall short, by a short distance, of being exactly in a diametrical plane passing through the axis of the tool. This is particularly advisable where the cutter blades |38 are grouped in relatively close relation with respect to each other axially of the tool and in which case the flats l'iil approach axially overlapping relation on the plunger MG, and also serves to impart added strength to the plunger IM in an ainal direction in View of the added stresses to which it is subjected longitudinally thereof by reason of it be- I nate possibility of overlapping of the flats Ill on opposite sides of the plunger |44, the advanced faces of the cutter blades |38 may be positioned in an exact diametrical plane if desired. It will also be appreciated that while the flats and keys |12 may all be formed on the same side of the plunger Md, it is preferable to alternate them on opposite sides as shown in order that the cutting forces exerted by the various blades |38 will be more evenly distributed with respect to the axis of the tool and, therefore, have a less tendency to cause the tool to spring during operation.

In order to prevent rearward movement of the plunger |443 under the iniiuence of the springs and |62' during normal operation to an extent suflicient to withdraw the various keys |12 from the blades |38, the following mechanism is provided as best shown in Fig. 8. The main body portion |34 is exteriorly provided on its cuter face at diametrically opposite points with axially elongated grooves or recesses |80. A dog end screw |82 is projected through the shank sleeve |58 in line with each of the grooves I8!) and with the dog end thereof received within such grooves, the inner ends of these screws abutting against the inner or righthand end of the grooves |89 in order to limit the inward movement of the plunger 44 under the influence of the springs |53 and |62 to an extent less than that required to withdraw the keys V52 from the blades |38. The length of the grooves |80 are such as to permit a suicient axial movement of the plunger |44 relative to the main body of the tool for normal operation, the dog ends of the screws |82 simply moving forwardly in the grooves it during the expanding movement of the tool.

It will be appreciated that with a plurality of cutter blades such as the cutter blades |33 em.- ployed in the construction illustrated in Figs. 8 to 10, inclusive, unless some special means was provided for aligning the keyways in the various blades |38 with the corresponding keys |12 during assembly of the cutter blades to the tool, it would be an extremely diiiicult and laborious operation to simultaneously align all of the keyways in the cutter blades with the corresponding keys |12. Accordingly, the feature of undercutting each blade as illustrated at |35) in Fig. 7 and indicated at i3d in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, in order to effect such alignment, is extremely important in connection with a multi-blade toolY as will be CTL readily appreciated and the blades |33 are formed identical to the blades 33 as far as this feature of construction is concerned.

The construction shown in Figs. 8 to 10, inclusive, is further formed to facilitate this blade inserting operation and this feature is in connection with locating the plunger |44?. at the proper axial position during insertion of the vblades |33 in the tool so that the outer ends of the keys |'F2 will be properly positioned with respect to the corresponding blade receiving openings in the manner described in connection with the construction shown in the previous gures. In other words, means are provided for so locating the plunger 241i as to permit insertion of the lblades with the cut away portions ISH clearing the projecting ends of the corresponding keys V52 until the ends of the respective keys |72 are brought into contact with the remote wall of the keyway for the keys |'2 in the corresponding cutter blade |38, to obtain the desired alignment of the cutter blades and keys. This feature is accomplished in the manner illustrated in Fig. 8 in which it will be noted that the inner end of each of the grooves is stepped to form a shallow recess |84 forming a continuation of the radially outer portion of each groove l. The axial dimension of each recess |84 inwardly beyond the corresponding end of the corresponding groove |85 is such that upon partial withdrawal of the screws |22, as by screwing them outwardly in the shank sleeve |53, a further and additional inward movement of the plunger |46 and shank sleeve |53 relative to the main body of the tool is permitted by projection of the inner ends of the screws |82 into the recesses |84, upon which the plunger M4 will be so located that the outer ends of the keys |12 will project into the corresponding openings |14 for the various cutter blades |58 a distance slightly less than the depth of the undercut |30 provided in the blades |33. Thus when the screws I 82 are withdrawn radially a sufficient distance to permit them to be projected by the springs |59 and |62 into the recesses |84, the cutter blades |38 may all be removed, sharpened or replaced and then re-inserted into their respective openings Il@ and all simultaneously aligned with the respective keys H2, this facilitating both original assembly and servicing of the tool as will be readily appreciated.

A stop nut |83, corresponding to the stop nut in the previously described construction is threaded on the rear end of the main body portion |32 in the same manner and for the same purpose as the stop nut |03 and is adapted to be locked in axially adjustable position by means of a lock nut |34 and washer |85 cooperating therewith in identically the same manner as the corresponding parts in the previously described construction. In this case, however, the forward or outer face of the nut |83 is recessed as at |36 and a ball thrust bearing assembly |88 is provided in such recess for actual contact with the stop ring on the machine in which the tool is being employed. A corresponding thrust bearing may be employed with the stop nut m0, if desired, as will 'be readily appreciated.

In Fig. 9 a stop ring 28' corresponding with the stop ring 23 previously described is illustrated in cooperative relation with respect to the tool and the stop nut |86, it functioning in identically the same manner as the stop ring 23 previously described. This` view also` illustrates apiece of work` 2Q' having a bore H0. in

which that portion of the tool carrying the, blades E33 is received and in which the` blades are operated in substantially the same manner as in the construction described in connection` with the previous figures. This: view also illustrates the pilot portion I3? on the outer end of the tool as being received ina bore lilo formed in the outboard bearing 22', corresponding to the outboard bearing 22 illustrated in Fig. 1, which construction is advisable in this construction in viewof the length of the tool and in order to prevent possible springing of the tool during a machining operation.

It will be appreciated that the tool shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 operates in substantially the same manner as the tool illustrated and described in connection with the previous iigures except that in this case no manual adjustment of the initial position of the cutter blades ld, such as is accomplished by rotation of the nut lr6 in the construction shown in the previous figures, is possible, the extent of radial projection of the blades It and consequently the depth of the groove formed in this case being controlled solely by the extent of relative feeding movement between the tool spindle of and the work in the machine in which the boring tool is mounted` in a conventional or other manner.

Formal changes may be made in the specic embodiments of the invention described Without departing from the spirit or substance of the broad invention, the scope of which is com,n

mensurate with the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l, In a boring tool, in combinati-cn, a main ibody portion having a bore therein and provided with an opening extending transversely 'i' therethrough, a plunger axially slidably received in said bore, a cutter blade slidably received in said opening for movement longitudinally thereor", said plunger and blade cooperatively engaging each other for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a, shank member axially movably associated with respect to said main body in supporting relation` with respect thereto, a nut4 member rotatably and axially slidably mounted with respect to said 5 interconnecting said nut and plunger for equal movement axially of said main body so constructed and arranged as to vary the position 0i said plunger axially of said nut upon rotation of said nut whereby to enable the axial relation of said nut and plunger to be varied.

2. A boring tool comprising, in combination, a main body having a bore therein and an opening therethrough extending transverse-ly with respect to the axis of said main body, a plunger axially slidably received in the bore or^ said main body, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and said plunger being cooperatively associated with each ther for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a shank mem- I ber having an end portion axially slidably received within the bore of said main body in supporting relation with respect thereto and in turn axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, and means extending radially through said main body and movable axially with respect thereto operative to .eiect equalaxial movement of said shank member and said plunger in the same direction.

3. A boring tool comprising, in combination, a main body having a bore therein and an opening therethrough extending transversely with respect to the axis of said main body, a plunger axially slidably received in the bore of said main body, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and said plunger being cooperatively associated with each other for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a shank member having an end portion axially slidably received within the bore of said main body in supporting relation with respect thereto and in turn axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, a stop member carried by said shank member and embracing an end of said main body for axially slidable movement with respect thereto, and means interconnecting said stop member and said plunger including a member extending diametrically with respect to said main body for eifecting equal axial movement of said shank member and plunge-r relative to said main body in at least one direction.

4. A boring tool comprising, in combination, a main body having a bore therein and an opening therethrough extending transversely with respect to the axis of said main body, a plunger axially slidably received in the bore oisaid main body, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and said plunger being cooperatively associated with each other for simultaneous movementin the direction of their respective lengths, a shank member having an end portion axially slidably received within the bore of said main body and in turn axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, a stop member carried by said shank member and embracing an end of said main body for axially slidable movement with respect thereto, and means interconnecting said stop member and said plunger including a member extending diametrically with respect to said main body for eiecting equal axial movement of said shank member and plunger relative to said main body in at least one direction, said stop member being adjustable axially of said shank member whereby to permit adjustment of the longitudinal relation of said plunger and shank member.

5. A boring tool comprising, in combination. a main body having a bore therein and an opening therethrough extending transversely with respect to the axis of Said main body, a plunger axially slidably received in the bore of said main body, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and Said plunger being cooperatively associated with each other for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a shank member having an end portion axially slidably received within the bore of said main body and in turn axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, a stop member carried by said shank member and embracing an end of said main body for axially slidable movement with respect thereto, a nut rotatably and axially slidably mounted with respect to said main body and engageable with said stop member to limit axial movement thereof with respect to said shank member in at least one direction, and means interconnecting said nut and plunger for causing equal axial movement of said shank member and plunger in at least one direction with respect to said main body portion including a member adjustable axially of said nut interconnecting said plunger and nut and extending radially through and being movable in a direction axially of said main body.

6. A boring tool comprising, in combination, a main body having a bore therein and an opening therethrough extending transversely with respect to the axis of Said main body, a plunger axially slidably received in the bore of said main body, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and said plunger being cooperatively associated with each other for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a shank member having end portion axially slidably received Within the bore of said main body and in turn axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, a stop member carried by said shank member and embracing an end of said main body for axially slidable movement with respect thereto, a nut rotatably and axially slidably mounted with respect to said main body and engageable with said stop member to limit axial movement thereof with respect to said shank member in at least one direction, and means interconnecting Said nut and plunger for causing equal axial movement of said shank member and plunger in at least one direction with respect to said main body portion including a member adjustable axially oi Isaid nut interconnecting said plunger and nut and extending radially through and being movable in a direction axially of said main body,

said member and nut being so constructed and u arranged as to effect an axial shifting of said member With respect to said nut upon rotation of Said nut with respect to said main body.

7. In a boring tool, in combination, a main body provided with a bore, a plunger axially slidably received in said bore, said main body having an opening extending transversely therethrough and intersecting Vsaid bore, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, said cutter blade and said plunger being so constructed and cooperatively arranged With respect to each other as to eiect displacement of said cutter blade longitudinally thereof upon axial movement of Said plunger in said bore, spring means constantly urging said plunger toward a position to retract said cutter blade, a

shank member axially slidably mounted With respect to said main body, a stop member axially adjustably mounted on said shank member, a nut rotatably and axially slidably mounted with respect to said main body andy engageable with said stop member to limit axial movement thereof with respect to said shank member in at least one direction, and means associated with said nut and adjustable axially thereof upon rotation of said nut with respect thereto and movable axially of said main body interconnecting said nut and plunger for equal axial movement with respect to said main body.

S. In a boring tool, in combination, a main f body having a bore therein and an opening extending transversely therethrough and intersecting said bore, a plunger axially slidably received in said bore, a cutter blade longitudinally slidably received in said opening, a key and keyway connection interconnecting said plunger and cutter blade for simultaneous movement in the direction of their respective lengths, a shank member axially slidably received in the bore of said main body and axially slidably receiving an end of said plunger therein, said plunger, shank member and main body being provided with registering diametrically disposed slots therethrough, a bar member relatively closely received in the slot in said plunger and slidably received axially of said main body and said shank member in said slots provided therein, a nut member rotatably and axially slidably mounted upon said main body and having threaded connection with the opposite ends of said bar member whereby to secure said nut and bar member together for equal movement axially of said main body portion when said nut is not rotating with respect to said main body portion and permitting displacement of said bar member axially of said nut member upon relative rotation between them, spring means constantly urging said plunger towards a position to place said cutter blade in one extremity of its movable position, and a stop member carried by said shank member and engageable with said nut whereby to eiect movement of said plunger in opposition to the force of said Spring upon relative movement of said shank member axially with respect to said main body.

WILLIAM K. YOUNG. 

